He created the Tabula Rogeriana (translated as the Book of Roger), which was a description of the world accompanied by a detailed map created in 1154. He traveled extensively in his lifetime, and visited Spain, Portugal, France, England, and Anatolia while he was still a teenager. He was originally from Ceuta, a Spanish city inside the border of Morocco, and lived at the Sicilian court of King Roger II during the 12 th century.
Al IdrisiĪbu Abd Allah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani al-Sabti, known simply as al Idrisi or Dreses. 1883 Reconconstruction of Erasthone’s World Map by E.H. Unfortunately, the original map no longer exists and only fragments of Geography have been preserved. The world map was an accompaniment to his three-volume treatise entitled Geography. The map was created during his tenure as the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria, which provide Eratosthenes with access to hundreds of thousands of scrolls gathered from around the known world. The information used to create the map was compiled from early Hellenistic exploration including expeditions by Alexander the Great, Pytheas of Massalia, Megasthenes, Patrocles and Timosthenes of Rhodes. His greatest contribution was the concept of latitude and longitude. He created one of the earliest maps of the known world around 220 BC using parallels and meridians which indicated his understanding that the earth was round. He was also the first man ever to be able to calculate the size of the earth (with a remarkably low 2% error) using a measurement known as stades (taken from the length of a stadium, in this case, an Egyptian stadium), the earth’s axial tilt, and possibly even its distance from the sun. Eratosthenes came up with the word geography from the roots “geo” (the earth) and “graphein” (to write).
The first spot has to go to the man who coined the term geography, Eratosthenes who lived between 276 – 194 BCE. Mapping Through the Ages: The History of Cartography.From the British Library Harley MS 7182, ff 58v-59. World Map by Ptolemy from 150 CE (redrawn in the 15th century). Ptolemy’s idea of using a latitude and longitude system had a significant impact on the work of later cartographers. His world map is notable for its probable role in the Roman expansion. Ptolemy’s original maps from the work were never found, having presumably been lost over the years, but his work was descriptive enough that cartographers were able to recreate his observations in 1300 AD, and create the Ptolemy map. The work refered to a system of latitude and longitude, as well as a means of describing locations on earth based on astronomical observations from those areas. Ptolemy wrote his Geographia around the year 150 AD which compiled existing knowledge about the world’s geography at the time. Here are famous cartographers who established themselves as some of the world’s best known and significant mapmakers.
Though most people can’t name one cartographer off of the tops of their heads, let alone a group of them, maps play an influential role in everyone’s lives. It requires a steady hand, attention to detail, and comprehensive knowledge of geography. Cartography is the art and science of map making.
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